How Traditional Māori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied...

How Traditional MÄ ori Ethics and Values Have Been Applied in Contemporary MÄ ori Land Development TihÄ“ mauriora The breath, the energy of life Ki te whaiao, ki Te Ao MÄ rama To the dawnlight, to the world of light My understanding of the question is that I am to demonstrate my view of MÄ tauranga, (traditional MÄ ori knowledge) and Kaupapa MÄ ori (traditional MÄ ori ethics and values) and how they are incorporated into today’s world. I will be relating my interpretation specifically to sustainable land development and the principle of Kaitiakitanga, that is, the guardianship of land and the environment in current times. To accomplish this I shall first present my understanding of MÄ ori World View, define ethics and values and describe†¦show more content†¦In today’s world it is also used in conjunction with past, present and future, local as well as traditional knowledge (Landcare Research, 2014). The European colonists of New Zealand did not recognise principles of MÄ tauranga MÄ ori. However, during the late twentieth century awareness has grown and it has become more recognised and is now becoming incorporated into today’s practices (Landcare Research, 2014). Manaaki Whenua (Landcare Research) is a Crown Research Institute that is trying to understand and incorporate the principles of MÄ tauranga MÄ ori. They have produced many collaborative research programmes with MÄ tauranga MÄ ori woven in. These programmes incorporate MÄ ori values in relation to land use planning, ecosystems, wetlands, estuary monitoring and restoration. They also include indigenous forestry and much more, for the purpose of ensuring sustainability for future generations (Landcare Research, 2014). The programmes developed have overcome complex and diverse issues using many epistemologies (multiple philosophies) along with traditional methods to resolve them. MÄ ori world view is that we as humans are an integral part of the ecosystem which is inherent to whakapapa. This holistic view often conflicts with scientific views, so the primary concern with these programmes has been to create frameworksShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagessummary gives you considerable detail about how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise. You have a set of historical facts; use a rigorous system to work out what strategies should be followed. All the cases are about real companies, and one of the entertaining bits of the analysis process is to compare what you have said they should do with what they really have done. So, it is best not to check the Internet

Ben Franklin Autobiography Summary - 1797 Words

Introduction The man Benjamin Franklin eventually became a man of good character and willingness to accept others. However, as the story of Ben Franklin unfolds you see he was indeed just a man. A man found to be of the same fault and human flaw as us all to which we were born, and that is into sin. Franklin as well as all people fell short. God told us in his word long before Ben Franklin ever existed. Romans 3:23 states â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the Glory of God.† (NIV). Franklin did prove however, by his own story that man could never be in a state of perfection. Franklin just came to terms that he was just a man, but strived to fight for what he thought was right to the end. Still God chose to bless him with privileged†¦show more content†¦Another example of his weakness to the flesh is that of his relationship with Mrs. Read. He lived out of wedlock with her and bore children of that relationship. Not a very wise decision for a man claiming to know God and his statutes. Also considering the fact of the punishment for this offense. Not necessarily the 39 lashes but that of life in prison. Later in the story we see an aging Ben Franklin at forty two when he writes about the thirteen virtues. It was this time in Ben Franklin’s life he started to see the value of friendship and how God really worked in his life and continues to even in spite of his failures. In Franklin’s attempt at perfection he really does not have unique or new paradigm thinking. He is only emulating the word of God that was written in his heart and taught to him at a young age. For example he spoke of temperance and silence. This was nothing new. God spoke in his word in James 1:19 â€Å" My dear brothers, take note of this: everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry.† (NIV) This was written many years before Franklin ever even existed. Franklin also spoke of order, God wrote of this in Ecclesiastes Chapter 3 that there is a time and place for every thing under the sun. Without listing them all, these virtues he wrote were not authored by himself, but born of GodsShow MoreRelatedWalmart In 200311485 Words   |  46 Pages 335 in the United States and 130 in other countries. Comparable store sales growth rates had recently averaged 5%–6% for the key domestic formats. Exhibit 2 provides 10 years of financial and other data for Wal-Mart and Exhibit 3 tracks some summary statistics over a 30-year period. Exhibit 4 maps Wal-Mart’s principal businesses on a growth-profitability grid, and Exhibit 5 compares its economics with its largest direct competitors in discount retailing in fiscal year 2003—Target and KmartRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNetworked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from FailureRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWhat Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal AssessmentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAmerica Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman

Terrorism and Human Rights

Question: Discuss which should take priority in counter-terrorism strategies, security or civil liberties? Answer: Introduction Human rights are decent values or norms that depict clear benchmarks of hominid behavior and are frequently safeguarded as genuine constitutional rights in civil as well as universal regulation. It is ordinarily perceived as inalienable central civil liberties " that an individual is characteristically enabled essentially because of being a hominid being," and which are "inalienable in all persons" with not consideration of their root or particular other position. They are relevant all about and at all time in the sense of being widespread, and is the same as everyone. They oblige sensitivity and the standard of regulation and present a guarantee of persons to respect privileges of others. They must not put aside from as a consequence of the due procedure taking into account specific circumstances, and require adaptability from illegal confinement, torture, and implementation. Civil liberties are close to home ensures and opportunities that the administration can't abbreviate, either by law or by legal understanding. Despite the fact that the extent of the term varies amongst different nations, a few samples of common freedoms incorporate the opportunity from torment, flexibility from constrained vanishing, opportunity of inner voice, flexibility of press, flexibility of religion, opportunity of outflow, opportunity of gathering, the privilege of security and freedom, the right to speak freely, the privilege of protection, the privilege of equivalent treatment and due process, the benefit of a sensible trial, and the advantage of life. Other common liberties combine the decency to right of property, the privilege to shield oneself, and the honor to real trustworthiness. Inside the refinements between common freedoms and different sorts of freedom, qualifications exist between positive freedom/positive rights and negative freedom/negative rights (Stone, 201 4). Reason for the need of scraping the Human right The reason as to why human right have to be scraped is that It obliges that signatory states stipend refuge to the individuals who illustrate "an all-around established apprehension of mistreatment because of their race, religion, nationality, political feeling or participation of a specific social gathering, and are not able or unwilling to look at insurance from the dominant presences in their own nation". What's more, the convention does not matter to the individuals who have perpetrated a "wrongdoing against peace" an "atrocity" or a "far-reaching atrocity" Refuge seekers frequently additionally endeavor to utilize the Human Rights Act so as to acquire leave to stay in the UK, for instance in the event that they confront the danger of sick treatment in their nation of origin. In any case the privilege to claim shelter is contained somewhere else and will stay regardless of cancelation of the Human Rights Act. There are different focuses that can be made. For example, the way of shielding individuals going to the UK from unsafe Nations, the Human Rights Act does a tremendous action including ensuring free outflow of the press, the privileges of religious devotees, the privilege to life, and the privilege not to be tormented. When a genuine contention is made that human rights are in charge of the Paris assaults, the rights advocated for by the human rights activists will not be valid . It is about War on Terror 9/11: New Terrorism New Risk, New Rules-Culture of Fear Terrorism is generally branded as fierce actions or the peril of brutal actions expected to create fear, instigated for a spiritual, party-political, or philosophical aim, and that intentionally aim or carelessness the security of non-soldiers (e.g., impartial armed ability or normal citizens). Another normal description perceives the action as party-political, philosophical or spiritual brutality by performers that do not belong to the state. A few descriptions now put in shows of illegal coarseness as well as conflict. The use of comparative tactics by illegal factions for insurance rows or to uphold a cypher of silent is normally not christened by terrorism; however these same exercises might be checked terrorism when completed by a party-political enlivened assembling. Utilization of the word has in like manner been reprimanded for its incessant excessive likening with jihadism or Islamism whereas disregarding non-Islamic affiliations or individuals. Terrorism destabilizes Governments, undermines common society, imperils peace and security, and debilitates financial and social improvement. Such practices can offer ascent to a feeling of unfairness and oppression that is hazardously destructive of the qualities that tie a country together. Regarding the rights to the flexibility of outflow and sentiment, of gathering and affiliation had additionally demonstrated testing in countering induction to submit terrorist acts. When it came to avoiding terrorism, it was imperative to comprehend and tackle conditions that may prompt rough radicalism and radicalization (Abrahms, 2012). Purposes of inclusion in demonstrations of terrorism changed in the middle of men and ladies. In any case, both were a piece of the arrangement. The States ought to consequently incorporate more ladies into law requirement and security and consider their perspectives when growing counter-terrorism methods. Another territory of concern identified with States' utilization of security reconnaissance measures without sufficient protections to secure the privilege of protection. Governments could accumulate and ensure data; however they must consent to worldwide human rights law in doing as such (Ahmed, 2015). The "battle on terrism" has made the society of trepidation in US. The administration's rise of the 3-words into a state mantra from the terrible occasions of 9/11 has experienced a malevolent impact on US popular government, on US's mind and on the globe at large. Utilizing this expression has really undermined our capacity to viably face the genuine difficulties we confront from the fan who may utilize terrorism against us (Aksoy, Carter, Wright, 2012). The harm terror have done - an exemplary conveyed toward oneself injury - is endlessly more noteworthy than the wild dreams amused by the culprits of the 9/11 stabbings during the plotting on US in removed Afghan holes. Terrorism characterizes neither a geographic connection nor the assumed foes. Terrorism is not a foe but rather a system of fighting - political intimidation through the slaughtering of unarmed non-soldiers (Chenoweth, 2013). The way of life of apprehension is similar to a genie that has been let out of its container. It obtains an existence of its own - and can be debilitating. America today is not the fearless and decided country that reacted to Pearl-Harbor; nor is it the US that got notification from its pioneer, at another snippet of emergency, the intense words "the main thing we need to apprehend is trepidation it-self"; nor is it the smooth us that pursued the Cold-War with quite perseverance irrespective of information that a genuine war could be launched suddenly inside minutes and brief the passing of 100 million Americans inside simply a couple of hours. We are presently partitioned, unverifiable and possibly exceptionally helpless to frenzy in the occasion of another terrorist act in the United States itself (Enders, Sandler, 2011). Infringement of Human Rights in exercise of Counter Terrorism and Foreign Policy Arresting the correct harmony amongst the security of the state and the rights of persons is essential for the accomplishment of the war on terrorism procedures as well as to keep up the accepting as well as majority rule standards of the multi-cultural nation. In the present atmosphere, there seems, by all accounts, to be an exasperating pattern to undermine any genuine endeavor to break down the human rights similarity of counter-terrorism enactment (Gearty, 2005). Level headed discussions on battle on terrorism regulation are frequently described as a contention amongst the pragmatists who admire the requirement for intense new battle against terrorism enactment as well as the distant who neglect to perceive the magnitude of terrorist danger. The persons worried on the rights of human creates as similarity of laws for battling terrorism that are blamed for shielding culprits or neglecting to consider the risk of action of culprits. Such characterizations are erroneous as well as useless. It is plainly obvious that the act itself is a double infringement of central rights of people. The risk of terrorism is blatantly true blue. The administration has both a privilege as well as obligation to make a move to ensure its people. Similarly, it is not accepted that anybody would truly propose that the danger of terrorism legitimizes the relinquishment of the principal rights and flexibilities implanted in the legitimate framework and enunciated in universal human rights law (Harmon, 2013). The Common-wealth administration has reliably said that it perceives the need to adjust laws battling with terror action with the rights of humans and that Australia for instance has a state terrorism approaches that have to typify the popularity based qualities the nation looks to ensure. Notwithstanding, as I will clarify, my worry is that time after time laws for battling terrorism laws have been produced with no legitimately taking into account the rights of peoples suggestions. This is a disgrace in light of the fact that it disregards the capacity of basic shields like free merits audit or legal survey to enhance expects that the new laws may be connected in a manner that excessively encroaches on principal rights and flexibilities (Hudson, 2007). Some may ask 'why stress over the rights of humans'? Why safeguard the rights even with the individuals who illustrated carelessness and disdain for the rights? The solution is both fixed and realistic we have to keep up the ethical as well as moral high positions. Terror is a philosophically and propelled political strike in majority rule liberties and flexibilities. A crucial method in barring the fanaticism that modify terror actors is to win 'the challenge of facts by thoroughly safeguarding the fundamental rights of human and flexibilities that frame 'the bed-rock of poise as well as popular government that create our social orders require protection (Howard-Hassmann, 2012). Unitarian Theory- Greater Good The theory of utilitarianism is a theory in standardizing virtues embracing that the customs tasks is the particular case augmenting utility. Utility is put in different courses, comprising delight, money wealth and the absenteeism of torment. Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialism, which suggests that the outcomes of an activity are of good significance. This perspective can be differentiated or consolidated with seeing expectations, excellencies or the consistency with principles as morally imperative. Traditional utilitarianism's two most powerful supporters are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham, who takes joy as the measure for utility, says, "it is the best satisfaction of the best number that is the measure of good and bad. The quintessential objective of the state requires an affirmation of the singular's fundamental right in the public arena, which is, specifically, the privilege of everybody to the chance to openly shape his life by mindful activity, in ques t for excellence and as per the ethical law. The benefit of all, then, is the entirety of the states of social life which empower individuals the all the more effectively and direct to do as such. The object of State power is the free decision of means for making these conditions (Joyner, 2004). Based on the theory, is clear that Human right Act have to be revoked. The terror and war have gravely harmed the United States globally. For Muslims, the closeness between the harsh treatment of Iraqi regular citizens by forces of America and of the people of Palestine by the Israelites has provoked a far-reaching feeling of antagonistic vibe toward the United States as a rule. It's not the "battle on anxiety that maddens Muslims viewing the news via TV, is exploitation of regular people in Arab. Furthermore, the disdain is not set to Muslims. A late BBC investigation of 28,000 individuals in 27 states that looked for resources persons' evaluations the part of nations in wider issues brought about Israel, Iran and the United States being evaluated as the states with "the most negative impact on the world( Maleckova. 2005). The occasions of 9/11 might have brought about a genuinely global solidarity on terrorism and radicalism. A worldwide organization together of conservatives, including Muslim people, engaged with a determined battle to remove the particular terror systems and to end the political clashes that bring forth terrorism would have been more beneficial than a demagogically broadcasted and to a great extent singular U.S. "war on fear" against "Islamic-autocracy." Only a certainly decided and sensible America can advance certified worldwide security that then leaves no political space for terrorism (Mythen, Walklate, 2008) The negative impacts upon minority groups, and specifically the raising radicalization of youthful individuals from such groups, can possibly bring about long haul harm to the general public. It is essential to recall that decreasing the possibilities of " home-based " terror factions is a vital piece against terror tactics (Nellis, Savage, 2012). Irrespective of that, we must no be silent from passing counter-terrorism laws inspired by a paranoid fear of bringing on offense to a few segments of the group. In any case, it is one more justifiable cause motivation to verify that the laws battling terro contain shields on ill-use, blunder, as well as illicitness. It is imperative that when new as well as unprecedented forces get presented with the possibility to encroach key rights of human, the forces are liable to fast, successful as well as full survey by free magistrates of the area (Paust, 2014). In the UK, faultfinders have guaranteed that the Blair administration had utilized the battle on terrorism as a go to profoundly shorten common freedoms, some revered in law. Case in point, the confinement with no probationary in Belmarsh jail: regulators on unrestricted discourse via regulations against challenges close Parliament and regulations stopping the "glorification" of terrorism: and decreases in scouts police power, as on account of Jean Charles de Menezes and Mohammed Abdul Kahar. Previous Liberal Democrat Leader has likewise denounced Blair's inaction over the questionable U.S. practice of unprecedented version, contending that the human rights traditions to which the UK is a signatory (e.g. European Convention on Human Rights) force on the administration a "legitimate commitment" to examine and counteract potential torment and human rights infringement (Piazza, 2013). With couple of special cases, the most sensational terrorist assaults, those that caught the consideration of crowds all through the world lately, were completed by people who invested expanded times of energy living in moderately open social orders. Marvelous terrorist assaults have been executed, both at home and abroad, by nationals or long-term inhabitants nations that regularly rank among the most astounding on the planet as far as the individual opportunity and human rights. It may be protested that I have neglected to say, for instance, late terrorist bombings in the Indonesian regions of Bali and Jakarta, or the September 2004 slaughter of schoolchildren in Beslan, Russia. This complaint appears to be all around established until we consider the way that at the time of the assaults, both Indonesia and Russia were far more liberated nations than they had been under their separate forerunner administrations. It might possibly be that their more noteworthy openness made them mor e defenseless against terrorist roughness (Robert Dahl, 1998). Democracy and Terrorism There is a specific "underlying driver" that must be tended to before worldwide terrorism can be crushed: the nonattendance of majority rules system. Over the long haul, it is just through the foundation of equitable governments in the Middle East, and maybe all through the world, that terrorist gatherings will lose whatever well-known offer they at present appreciate. Law authorization and military measures are key to managing quick terrorist dangers; the however, the popular government offers the main method for at last going away the wellsprings of backing for terrorism (Thackeray, 2013). The contention goes as takes after. Under tyrant types of administration, people and gatherings are precluded quiet means from claiming communicating their political perspectives or testing the bearing in which people with significant influence are taking the nation. Social gatherings and formal associations with different grievances are denied chances to express them, in any event by quiet means . Denied a voice by dictator governments, those with genuine grievances will swing to brutality as their own particular manner of acquiring what they need. Sacred majority rules system is generally viewed as a procedure, an arrangement of strategies, which not just empowers the open outflow of contending perspectives in any case, once they are communicated, makes conceivable their serene determination (Wilkinson, 2014). The just process requires, at any rate preferably, the consideration and compelling support of all or most grown-ups in a national political methodology. Likewise, nationals must have the chance to choose which matters are to be set on the national strategy plan. The equity of the vote is a sine qua non for majority rule government, similar to the chance of all nationals to pick up a comprehension of strategy choices and their potential results (Zakaria, 2003). Conclusion In perspective of the predominance of terrorist roughness in numerous majority rules systems, we have to inquire as to whether there are any highlights of vote based system itself that make nations administered as per its principles more defenseless to terrorism. It is upsetting to ponder, however presumably genuine, all things considered, and that quelling terrorist movement obliges the utilization of different obnoxious strategies. These measures much of the time incorporate endeavors to destabilize, undermine or subvert administrations supporting terrorist associations. They might likewise incorporate endeavors to thrashing the terrorist associations through the utilization of outside power, e.g., the "execution" of the administration (i.e., additional legal executing), and by advancing their interior fracture through remuneration, the planting of spies and operators provocateur, and an arrangement of other "filthy traps". Among the vital errands of a free movement in majority rule, governments are to open to general society scenes of government wrongdoing and ineptitude. In the United States and somewhere else, the professions of numerous effective writers have been in light of their aptitude in giving just such uncovered. When it is once in a while commented that popular governments don't" "have the stomach" to battle terrorism, this is what is obviously implied. Columnists uncover the inclusion of a majority rule government in some of these unpalatable practices or filthy traps. People, in general, are repulsed. Restriction lawmakers and other open figures issue reprobation and require an end to the practice and the rejection of those capable. It is obviously as it ought to be. It is characteristic for a free squeeze in a sound vote based system to carry on along these lines. We ought to be mindful, however, that the ordinary working of majority rule government makes the assignment of those in charg e of crushing the terrorists more troublesome. References Abrahms, M. (2012). The political effectiveness of terrorism revisited. Comparative Political Studies, 45(3), 366-393. Ahmed, S. (2015) The emotionalization of the war on terror: Counterterrorism, fear, risk, insecurity and helplessness Criminology and Criminal Justice, 17, 1-16. Aksoy, D., Carter, D. B., Wright, J. (2012). Terrorism in dictatorships. The Journal of Politics, 74(03), 810-826. Chenoweth, E. (2013). Terrorism and democracy. Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 355 378. Enders, W., Sandler, T. (2011). The political economy of terrorism. Cambridge University Press. Gearty, C. (2005) 11 September 2001, Counter-terrorism, and the Human Rights Act Journal of Law and Society, 32 (1): 1833. Harmon, C. C. (2013). Terrorism today (Vol. 7). Routledge. Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2012). Human security: undermining human rights?. Human Rights Quarterly, 34(1), 88-112. Hudson, A. (2007) Not a Great Asset: The UN Security Council's Counter-Terrorism Regime: Violating Human Rights (available online - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/berkjintlw25div=18g_sent=1collection=journals). Joyner, C.C. (2004) The United Nations and Terrorism: Rethinking Legal Tensions Between National Security, Human Rights, and Civil Liberties International Studies Perspectives, 5 (3): 240257 Maleckova. J, (2005). Impoverished Terrorists: Stereotype or Reality?, in Root Causes of Terrorism, ed. Tore Bjorgo (London: Routledge,), pp. 5767; Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), pp. 737. Mythen, G. and Walklate, S. (2008) Terrorism, Risk and International Security. Nellis, A. M., Savage, J. (2012). Does watching the news affect fear of terrorism? The importance of media exposure on terrorism fear. Crime Delinquency, 58(5), 748-768. Paust, J. J. (2014). The link between human rights and terrorism and its implications for the law of State responsibility. Piazza, J. A. (2013). Regime Age and Terrorism: Are New Democracies Prone to Terrorism?. International Interactions, 39(2), 246-263. Robert Dahl. R, (1998). On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 378. Stone, R. (2014). Textbook on civil liberties and human rights. Oxford University Press. Thackrah, J. R. (2013). Dictionary of terrorism. Routledge. Wilkinson, P. (2014). Terrorism versus democracy: The liberal state response. Taylor Francis. Zakaria. F, ( 2003). The Future of Freedom. New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 89118.

Italian-American Traditions In Film Essays - Masculinity

Italian-American Traditions In Film Work Ethic A Bronx tale is a story of a father who tries to win back the love and pride of his son from a showy neighborhood mob boss. In my opinion this film is the best portrayal of work ethic. Lorenzo, played by Robert DeNiro, plays a father who tries to teach his son that discipline and hard work pay off from working, in the long. His son Calogero, played by Lillo Brancato, is exposed to the life of a mob boss Sonny, played by Chazz Palmenteri,, and doesnt understand why he should live a life of difficulty when he can have a life of luxury. He tries to explain to his son that the men in the community dont look up to him, but rather they fear him He also tries to make clear that its easy to do what he does, but try waking up every morning and working everyday, thats a real man. Throughout the film Sonny and Calogero develop a very close relationship. More than just a friendship, Calogero looks up to him as if he were a father figure. Sonny tells Calogero that he does not want him to do what he does, he does it because he has to; he has no other way out. He wants Calogero to finish school and make something of himself, and not to follow in his footsteps. Sonny feels like theres always someone out there out to get him and never feels safe. He doesnt want Calogero to have to go through the same thing. In the film Sonny murdered another person because of the fact that he took he took his parking spot. This haunting feeling he has throughout the film finally comes true in the final scene of the movie as the son of the father that was murdered earlier comes back for vengeance and kills Sonny. This action of revenge is another stereotype of Italian-American men. As the film ends Calogero is in the prime of his life so we do not know how his life continues. The viewer, in this case me, thinks that because of this dreadful ending Calogero will follow the advice of Sonny and his father to complete school and life his life like every other hard working individual in America, because as his father mentioned earlier hard work pays off in the end. Comparing and contrasting the use of food in two separate films The first film that shows the use of food in a film is in fatso. As the title implies the main character is a little overweight. He feels that food is the center of his life; everything he does revolves around food. The opening scene is the wake of his cousin that takes place in his home. In the next scene he goes to the kitchen and has himself some bread with sauce. This is a perfect example of when he is depressed he relies on food to cheer him up. Food has become an addiction for him, whenever things are not right he needs some food to make things better. The same way some other people run to alcohol to solve their problems. In the film he meets a girl and she changes his life drastically. He feels he has to impress her and look his best. In order to complete this task he must give up food entirely. Even though this seems impossible for a person in his position he has the discipline and will power to overcome this feat. The second film, entitled Big Night, is about two brothers who try and run a business together, specifically a restaurant. Since they are trying to run a restaurant, the food is the center of the film, without the food there is no restaurant. The older brother Primo, named so because he was the first son born, tries to make the food very traditional and tries to give the customer what he wants. The younger brother Secondo, named so because he was the second born, tries to think of it from a business perspective. He tries to explain to his brother that he has to give the customer what they want not what he (Secondo) wants.